Some examples of numerical integrations: Plotting and computing the integral of cos(x) from 0 to pi. Formally, the value is about 0 (= sin(pi) - sin(0)). With 15 left rectangles: 0.209439510239 With 15 right rectangles: -0.209439510239 With 15 center rectangles: 2.91853951132e-16 With 3 trapezoides: 2.90655708167e-16 For this function f1: x → x, on I = [1, 6], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 1, ymax = 6. This leads to an approximated integral value of 17.58. Error % is 8.0 But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.995, 6.03. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 17.466835. Error % is 3.3165 Formally, we compute the integral as 17.5 (36/2 - 1/2). For this function f2: x → x^3, on I = [0.0, 1.0], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 0.0, ymax = 1.0. This leads to an approximated integral value of 0.2579. Error % is 0.79 But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.0, 1.005. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 0.249441. Error % is 0.0559 Formally, we compute the integral as 0.25 (1/4). For this function f3: x → 1/(1+sinh(2x)log(x)^2) on I = [1e-08, 3.0], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 0, ymax = 1. This leads to an approximated integral value of 1.19069999603. But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.00407561099013, 1.00499963106. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 1.18150626928.