Some examples of numerical integrations: Plotting and computing the integral of cos(x) from 0 to pi. Formally, the value is about 0 (= sin(pi) - sin(0)). With 15 left rectangles: 0.20943951023931986 With 15 right rectangles: -0.20943951023931923 With 15 center rectangles: 2.918539511321691e-16 With 3 trapezoides: 2.9065570816738595e-16 For this function f1: x → x, on I = [1, 6], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 1, ymax = 6. This leads to an approximated integral value of 17.58. Error % is 7.9999999999998295 But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.995, 6.029999999999999. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 17.466834999999996. Error % is 3.3165000000003886 Formally, we compute the integral as 17.5 (36/2 - 1/2). For this function f2: x → x^3, on I = [0.0, 1.0], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 0.0, ymax = 1.0. This leads to an approximated integral value of 0.2579. Error % is 0.7900000000000018 But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.0, 1.005. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 0.24944099999999997. Error % is 0.05590000000000317 Formally, we compute the integral as 0.25 (1/4). For this function f3: x → 1/(1+sinh(2x)log(x)^2) on I = [1e-08, 3.0], we will pick 10000 random points. Manually, I chose ymin = 0, ymax = 1. This leads to an approximated integral value of 1.1906999960309999. But experimentally, I found a possible ymin, ymax to be 0.0040756109901336855, 1.004999631063955. This leads to a second approximated integral value of 1.1815062692822849.